Foliar top dressing strategy for seed crops using the example of apple tree #002
In the phase of the green cone, a complex of nutrients must be used to stimulate the construction of biomass and the proper development of shoots, leaves, buds and flowers. Boron (B) ensures the distribution of calcium to plant organs. Magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) and trace elements contribute to the synthesis of chlorophyll, positively affect hormonal balance and activate enzymatic processes. Some varieties of apple and pear trees are very sensitive to nitrogen (N) deficiency during this period and require additional nitrogen application.
In the rosebud phase (before the beginning of flowering), it is necessary to provide plantings with phosphorus and boron. Phosphorus (P) enhances the energy balance of plants and the intensity of cell division. It increases the intensity of flowering and the amount of fruit setting. Boron (B) is involved in the development of generative organs and improves pollen fertility. At the end of flowering (during the petal drop phase), for the proper formation and development of fruit ovaries, it is necessary to provide trees with a complex of macro- and mesoelements. Nitrogen (N) is involved in the development of leaves, shoots and fruit ovaries. Potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) have a positive effect on the energy, hormonal and enzymatic balance, which increases the resistance of plants to temperature stress. Calcium (Ca) contributes to the strength of cell walls. Magnesium (Mg) and trace elements have a positive effect on the development and quality of fruits.
The effectiveness of the above-mentioned elements in fertilizers is confirmed by the results of the conducted research. It was found that the yield of apple trees for 6-fold foliar fertilization of trees, starting from the bud swelling phase and until the end of flowering, turned out to be 15 t / ha or 43% higher than the control without feeding (Fig. 1).
During the period of fruit growth, the necessary elements that improve the quality of fruits are calcium, potassium and manganese. Calcium (Ca) provides resistance of plants to pathogens and stresses (drought and high temperatures), prevents manifestations of physiological diseases. Fruits provided with this element are suitable for long-term storage. Potassium (K) has a positive effect on the transport of assimilates and an increase in the level of saccharides, provides an increase in the diameter of fruits. Manganese (Mn) enhances the color of the fruit skin. After harvesting, it is recommended to add nitrogen (N), boron (B) and zinc (Zn). The latter enhance winter hardiness and increase the potential for fruiting next year. For a more rational adjustment of the nutrition program of seed crops during the growing season, it is necessary to carry out leaf or chemical diagnostics of plants.
Unlike visual diagnostics, these methods help to quickly and accurately identify deficient elements even before the onset of visual symptoms.
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